A Study of the Prevalence, Outcomes, and Associated Complications of Diabetic Ketoacidosisamong Paediatric Patients Admitted to the Paediatric Critical Care Unit From 2022-2025
Introduction
DKA is an endocrinological emer gency . Understanding risk factors impacting
outcomes can help guide management protocols.
Objectives
To calculate the prevalence of DKA in patients admitted to the PCCU from 2022 to
2025, assess DKA-associated complications, describe the outcomes of these patients, and identify
correlations between patient outcomes and patient-related factors.
Method
This was a retrospective chart analysis of a mixed quantitative and qualitative design
of an all-inclusive sample of patients admitted from January 2022 – January 2025. The setting was
at the GPHC’ s PCCU. Outcome measures were defined as: DKA Resolution Time, PHDU, total
hospital durations, and end outcomes.
Results
532 patients were admitted to the PHDU, 23 of whom had DKA. 65% were females, and
83% were >5 years old. The most prevalent complications were Altered Mental Status (AMS),
respiratory distress, and electrolyte imbalances. 52% of patients resolved after 48 hours. Mean
PHDU stay was 4.6 days, and the mean hospitalization duration was 10 days. Almost 75% of
patients were transferred to the PMED Ward. Correlations were found between the presence of
AMS, respiratory distress, electrolyte anomalies, and shock against outcome measures.
Conclusion
The prevalence of DKA of 4.3% is consistent with global
ranges. Common complications such as AMS, electrolyte imbalances, and respiratory distress
impact the length of hospital stay and level of care received. Almost ¾ of the patients were
transferred to the PMED Ward, and there were no deaths. Standardized documentation, protocol
development, increased study duration, and enhanced health promotion are recommended for
improved care and research.
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