Title: Pre-eclampsia Prevalence and Associated Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: ARetrospective Study at West Demerara Regional Hospital (2023)
Introduction
Pre-eclampsia (PEC) is a multisystem hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with
significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. While its global burden is well-documented, a
substantial gap remains in understanding its effects in Region 3, Guyana.
Objectives
To evaluate the prevalence of PEC among obstetric patients at West Demerara Regional
Hospital (WDRH) and examine associated maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Method
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Maternity Ward of the West
Demerara Regional Hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2023. Medical records of 1,549 obstetric
admissions were reviewed, and cases meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed.
Data on demographic, clinical, maternal, and neonatal variables were extracted. Analyses were
performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 26, applying descriptive statistics with results
presented as frequencies and percentages.
Results
Pre-eclampsia was observed in 3.1% of obstetric admissions. Most cases occurred in ages 20–
29 (54.2%), with “Other” ethnicities (37%) being the most affected group. Common presenting
symptoms included edema (45.8%) and headache (38.6%). Maternal complications included acute
kidney injury (6.3%) and hepatic dysfunction (4%), with no maternal deaths recorded. Vaginal deliveries
were most common (47.9%), followed by cesarean sections (39.6%), primarily emergency procedures.
Among neonates, 72.9% were delivered at term, 50% had normal birth weight, 22.4% required NICU
admission, and the stillbirth rate was 8.3%.
Conclusion
Pre-eclampsia remains a major contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity in Region 3.
The 3.1% prevalence and associated complications highlight the need for improved antenatal screening,
early diagnosis, and standardized management.